Hydraulic machine



Jan. 10, 1928.

F. NAGLER HYDRAULIC MACHINE Filed Dec. 14, 1923 Patented lait lll, lilla .'til, ASSIGKTR TO ALLIS-CEALMERS HYBRA'ULC MACHINE.

t mlicatiiou .filed December la. 1923. Serial No. 65305595.

'lhia invention relater; iu general to iml proveniente in the art othydraulie, and relates more apeciiically to iinproremeute in theconetriuztion and operation ot hydrau- 5 lic machines euch an turbines;and pumpe.

An object ot the invention ie to provide an iu'iproved hydraulic machinewhich ie simple in eonetruction and etli"i"nt in operation. Anotherolriect ol the Vfention ie il) to provide an improved method ot controlwling; the iioiv olf liqu id to or :trom a hydrauv lic ener y converting'machine auch as a turbine or pump. it.. further object oit the inventionie to provi structure where- 15 by liquid may be more etlicientlydelivered to or discharged from a hydraulic rotor auch ae a turbine or apump rotor, than has been posf'ole with Similar Structures et the priorart. '.lllieeo and other obiecta and ad vantages ot the pressentimprovement will be apparent from the following description.

il clear conception of an embodiment of the procent inventionspecifically applied to a hydraulic turbine, and ot the method of ioperating' machines constructed in accordance with theinvention, may behad by re ierring to the drawing` accompanying and liormina` a part ofthis epecilication, in Which lilre reference characters deeiggnate theSame' or similar parte in the several views. lllhile the embodimentillustrated specilieally dieclo ai a hydraulic turhiiu,1 it Will beobvious toat the principles involved are applicable to other hydraulicmachines auch rotary pumpe wherein it is frequently deeirablc toaccomodate or to produce 'varyinlr charactorietice oiE the dieci tlo'w.

Fin', 'l ie a central vertical Section through hydraulic machineembodying; one torni o lE thc iminovement.

Fig'. 2 ie a transex/crac horizontal acc-tion through the unit disclosedin liin'. l. the Section being; taken along; the line 'HMH lookinupward.

The hydraulic turbine ii'iatallation illustratod in the drawing;compi-.ieee in general au inwardly directed annular conduitcommunicating with a source l() of water sup ply a vane tree traneitionspace 1l. adapted to receive Water trom the supply source l0 and togradually change the direction of lloiv ot the Water from radial toaxial, a dmv deeele tor or draft tube 9 adapted to receive the Waterwbiclrpaeeee through the Il O transition space ll a'l'ter this; Waterhas had its; lioiv changed :from radial to axial, and an .,:ial tloivimpeller or rotor 2 located between the transition space ll and thedraft tubo S). 'l`he crosse sectional area of the in irardly directed orradial flow conduit connecting; the supply Source Yl0 with thetransition space ll, is variable by means of a lfluid pressure actuatedplunger gate 5 Which is movable along or parallel to the axiso' theturbine.. lfiithin the radial tloiv conduit coimectinze)1 the supplysource 10 with the :tion Space ll) ie located an annular seriee oil?stationary guide venes i which penetrate the plun gate 5 throughopenings l5, these vanes Il. being adapted to produce whirling motion olthe water delivered to the transition space ll.` rlhe guide vanes leprovide a support for the stationary traine 7 which in turn Supports abearing 8 located in clone proximity to the rotor 2 and Within thetransition space ll. The inner portion ot the plungergate 5 which ialocated above the traneition space ll extends in close proximity to thebearingr portion of the frame l and is downwardly curved to form acurved Wall or annular lip 6 'for directing! the inwardly flowing Wateraxially toward the turbine. The lower annular Wall l2 of the traneitionspace ll is also curved ttor the purpose ot changing the direction otdow ot the liquid paesino; through the tran sition espace ll, fromradial to axial.

The rotor 2 has a Series oit rzuliatinn` vanes 13 past which thewhirling' Huid advances iu au axial direction. The rotor 2 i e Securedto one extremity ol the main shatt 3 which ia Supported in thel'xearinp; il, and the oppo- .f-:ite eatremi-ty ot which is connected toan energy transalating device auch as an electric aqenei'ator7 notShown. A grate actuatinnY fluid admission pipe 1.6 surrounds and extendslongitudinally ol the main shalt Si from a source of supply ot aiiI orother fluid under pressure, to Within a Short distance from the end otthe bearing 8. The pipe 16 ol. eutlicient internal diameter to providean annular fluid conductinp, space communicating with the annularchamber la Jlormed Within the plunger gate 5. The upper portieri oit theplunger gate 5 is provided with a removable cover 19 which embraces thepipe 16 and ie elidable therealong. The joint between the @over andtl-1e eine Il@ whirling` axiallyadvancing mass.

may be sealedby means `of a stalling box k17 in' order to prevent escapeot air from the chamber 1.4i-, The lower interior portion of the plungergate 5 may be partially Afilled withv liquid trom the supply source 10as indicated, and a tubular extension 18 associated with the bearing 8and extending` above the level ot the liquid within the chamber 14 maybe employed to prevent undesirable substances from entering` and being`deposited upon the wearii'ig surfaces of the bearing` 8. i

During normal operation oit the hydraulic turbine installationillustrated in the drawing, water is admitted 'from lthe supply source10 inwardly past the stationary guide vaines l to the transition space11. ln pass- Ying the guide vanos 4:, the water caused to whirl aboutthe axis oit the unit. As the whirling mass ot water enters and advancesthrough the vane tree transition space 11,

`the plunger lip 6 and the sur'iaee 12 which lbound, the transitionspace. 11. Igiadually change the direction of 'flow ot the liquid fromradial to axial and deliverV the water toward the vanes 13 ot' the rotor2 as a l ln passing` through the rotor 2, the whirling mass of Waterproduces rotation of the rotor 2 and otl the shaft 3 thereby convertingsome of the energy ot the water'v into torque in the shaft 3, andcausing the sha'lt to rotate atl al relatively high speed. "l he vaterdelivered lrom the rotor 2 passes through the dralt tube 9 and has itsresidual velocity energy transformed into pressure energy.

j Ifit is desired to vary the extent ot' opening'of the plunger gate5air under pressure may be admitted or discharged through vthe pipe 16,to or from the chamber lethereby causing the plu-nger gate 5 to move upor down as the case may be( The open- Yings 15 `in theV lower wall ofthe plunger gate 5 permit tree vertical movement ot the gate 5 whichV isalso guided upon the pipe 16 and upon the periphery oli the'lrame T.

releasing the pressure within the chainber lll, the plunger gate 5 maybe entirely closed, whereas admission et Jfull pressure to the chamberlil will produce iull opening ol the gate as Villustrated in Fig. 1. Asthe posit-ion of the plunger'gate 5 is shifted, the lip G approaches orrecedes from the bound ing` surface l2 of the transition space 11, thelower surface of `the lip 6 and the surface l2 at all times cooperatingto change the direction of flow ot the water from radial to axial. Itwill be obvious that by thus expanding and contracting` the area o'lEthe transition space 11, the quantity ot water admitted tothe rotor 2 aswell the direction ot flow thereof, may be `effectively controlled T hefluid pressure actuatingv means for adjusting' the plunger gate 5 may bespanning controlled in any suitable manner and the packing` elllected bythe stulling box 1T and the liquid seal below the chamber lelwilletlectively prevent escape oli actuating tluid when the gate 5 hasI beenset to the desired position. VThe annular plunger gate may be readilyopened lior inspection b v removal, ot they top plate l5), whereupon the.trame i' and guide 'anes 4- are 'lireely upwardly removable trom thegate lt. should be inideri-ilood that it is not desired to limit theinvention to 'the exact details oit ii-inistruction and oiE operationdescribed herein. ttor varioiul niodilicatimis within the scope o't theclaims muy occur lo persons skilled in the arl.

lt is claimed and desired to secure b v Letters Patent:

1. In a. hydraulic machine, a rotor o l the axial flow type, a: radialflow conduit al one end ot said rotor and coaxial therewith, :i coaxialcylindrical gate extending acrius` said conduit and having a Al'lowguiding sui'- ace curving 'troni ra liai to axial. and a series o tvanos extei'iding` across said radial ilow conduit within the peripheryolE said gate but beyond the curved surface lhei'eo'.

2. ln a hydraulic machine, a rotor oli the axial flow type, a radial[low conduit at one end ot said rotor and coaxial therewith, a. coaxialcylindrical gate extending across said conduit and formed to change the`direction ot tlow of `lluid passing therealong. and a series of guidevunes spanning .said conduit within the periphery olI said gale.

3. ln a` hydraulic machine, a rotor, means forming a radial i'lowconduit at oni` end ot' said rotor and coaxial therewith, a c vlindri'al gate movable across said conduit and having a` surtace torcl'ianging the direction of tlow from radial to axial. and an annularseries of guide vanes spanning` said conduit within the periphery oitsaid gate.

ln a liydraulic machii'ie, a rotor ot the axial llow type, a radial llowconduit ai one endA oi. said rotor and coaxial therewith, a coaxialcylindrical gate movable across ,said conduit and having u .series ollopenings therethrough, und a series ot `guidc vanos spanning saidconduit und y extending through saidiopeuings.

5. n a hyiflriiul'ic n'iachine. a rotor oli the axial tlow ty ie, aradial tlow conduit al one, end of said rotor and coaxial therewith, acoaxial cylindrical gate adjustable acrossr said conduit and having aseries oit llnough openings within its periphery, guide vanos saidconduit and i extending through said olaenings, a d luid pressureactuatedI means for moving said gate.

In 'testimony whereof, the signature ot the inventor' is affixed hereto.

FORREST NAGLER.

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